LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 


PRELIMINARY  LIST  OF  SUBJECT 
SUBDIVISIONS 


(a)  UNDER  NAMES  OF  COUNTRIES  OR  STATES 

(b)  UNDER  CITIES 

(c)  UNDER  GENERAL  SUBJECTS 


Prepared  by  the  Chief  of  the  Catalogue  Division 


For  sale  by  the 

Superintendent  of  T>u<!nni«'nt8 
Government    Printing    Office 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1910 


Piioe  lOc 


A  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 


PRELIMINARY  LIST  OF  SUBJECT 
SUBDIVISIONS 


(a)  UNDER  NAMES  OF  COUNTRIES  OR  STATES 

(b)  UNDER  CITIES 

(c)  UNDER  GENERAL  SUBJECTS 


Prepared  by  the  Chief  of  the  Catalogue  Division 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1910 


L.  C.  card,  10-35006 


PREFATORY  NOTE 


A  preliminary  list  of  subject  subdivisions  was  first  issued  in  1906. 
Constant  additions  necessitated  the  issue  of  a  new  and  enlarged 
edition  in  1908.  Since  then  the  recataloguing  of  the  Social 
Sciences,  Medicine,  Technology,  and  in  part  the  Fine  Arts  and  Biog- 
raphy, has  added  a  large  number  of  new  subdivisions  which  are  incor- 
porated herewith.  It  is  expected  that  a  fourth  issue  (in  1912?) 
will  include  the  subdivisions  and  form  lists  to  be  developed  in  con- 
nection with  the  recataloguing  of  the  remaining  classes.* 

J.  C.  M.  Hanson 
Chief  of  Catalogue  Division 
Herbert  Putnam 

Librarian  of  Congress 

Washington,  D.  C,  March  5,  1910 

*  In  March,  1910,  Literature,  Religion,  Military  and  Naval  Science  still  remain 
to  be  recatalogued.  Philology,  Philosophy,  International  law,  P'ine  Art,  Biography, 
and  Polygraphy  are  under  way. 

3 


3G7t 


SUBJECT  SUBDIVISIONS  UNDER  NAMES  OF  COUNTRIES 

OR  STATES,  AND  SUBJECT  HEADINGS  WITH 

COUNTRY  SUBDIVISIONS 

Note. — Includes  only  subdivisions  most  frequently  used. 

Subjects  in  technology,  science,  and  art  are  usually  represented 
under  countries  by  a  "see  reference"  only,  the  country  being  sub- 
ordinated to  the  subject.  Such  subjects  are  here  indicated  by  black- 
face type. 

Administrative  and  political  division 

Agriculture 

Almshouses  and  workhouses 

Altitudes 

Angling.     See  Fishing 

Annexation  (under  certain  countries,  e.  g.  Canada,  Hawaiian  Islands) 

Antiquities 

Architecture.     See  also  Art 

Archives 

Area 

Army 

Arrangement  of  regiments,  etc.  differs  under  various  countries.     For  illustra- 
tions see  France  and  Great  Britain.     Under  U.  S. — Army,  reference  is  made 
for  single  regiments  to  U.  S.  artillery;  U.  S.  cavalry;  U.  S.  infantry;  etc. 
Army — 

Ambulances 

Appointments  and  retirements 

Appropriations  and  expenditures 

Artillery 

Artillery — Drill  and  tactics 

Barracks  and  quarters 

Barracks  and  quarters — Lighting 

Biography  * 

Cavalry 

Cavalry — Drill  and  tactics 

Chaplains 

Colonial  forces 

Commissariat 

Crimes  and  misdemeanors 

Desertions 

Directories 

Examinations 

5 


6  I.IBRAKY   OF   CONGRESS 

Army — Continued 

Field  service  regulations 

Firing  regulations 

Guard  duty 

Handbooks,  manuals,  etc. 

History.     See  also  History,  Military 

Infantry  * 

Infantry — Drill  and  tactics 

Manceuvers 

Medals,  badges,  decorations,  etc. 

Military  life 

Mine  companies 

Officers'  handbooks 

Officers  on  detached  service 

Ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 

Organization  and  equipment 

Pay,  allowances,  etc. 

Periodicals 

Physical  training 

Promotions 

Record  and  correspondence  files 

Recruiting,  enlistment,  etc.  - 

Registers 

Regulations 

Remount  service 

Sanitary  affairs 

Signal  corps 

Signaling 

Societies 

Statistics 

Supplies  and  stores 

Surgeons 

Target  practice 

Test  shooting 

Torpedo  companies 

Transport  of  sick  and  wounded 

Transport  service 

Transportation 

Uniforms 

Arsenals 

Art 

Association  and  associations 

Asylums.     See  also  Hospitals 

Banks  and  banking 

Bibliography.     See  also  name  of  literature,  subdivision  Bibliography 

Bio-bibliography 

Biography 

Biography — Portraits 

Birds 

Botany 

Boundaries 


PRELIMINAEY   LIST   OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  7 

Building  laws 
Canals 

Capital  and  capitol 

Exception:  U.  S. — Capital;  Washington,  D.  C. — Capitol,  connected  by  references. 
Census 
Charities 

Charters 

Under  American  colonies,  states,  and  cities.     Under   foreign   countries   the 
form  Charters,  grants,  privileges  has  been  used. 

Chronology,  Chinese,  Egyptian,  etc. 

(Mathematical  and  technical)    See  also  History — Chronology. 
Church  history 
Cities  and  towns 

Civil  and  pohtical  institutions,  etc.     See  PoHtics  and  government 
Civil  list 
Civil  service 
CiviUzation 
Claims 

Climate.     See  also  Meteorology 
Coast  surveys 

Coats  of  arms.     See  Heraldry 
Coinage.     See  also  Numismatics 
Colonies 
Commerce 
Commercial  policy 
Commercial  treaties 
Conchology.     See  Mollusks 
Constitution 
Constitutional  history 
Constitutional  law 
Conventions  and  public  meetings 
Copper  mines  and  mining 
Costume 
Court  and  courtiers 
Courts 
Craniology 
Credit  guides 

Credit  guides  of  a  particular  trade  have  duplicate  entry  under  name  of  trade, 
e.  g.  Lumber  trade — U.  S. —  Credit  guides. 

Crime  and  criminals 
Currency  question 

Custom-house 

Customs.     See  Social  life  and  customs 

Defenses 

Departmental  salaries.     See  Officials  and  employees — Salaries 


8  LIBRAEY  OF   CONGRESS 

Description,  geography 

Substituted  for  Description  and  travel  and  Historical  geography  under  Greece 
(as  distinct    from  Greece,   Modern)  Rome,  Gaul,   and  other    countries  of 
antiquity. 
Description  and  travel 

cf.  note  under  Description,  geography. 
Description  and  travel — 

Gazetteers 

Guide-books 

Maps 

Views 
Dialects.     Under  name  of  language 
Dictionaries  and  encyclopedias 
Diplomatic  and  consular  service 
Diplomatic  and  consular  service — Buildings 
Directories.     See  also  Registers 
Discovery  and  exploration 
Distances,  etc. 
Domestic  economy 

Drama.     Under  name  of  language,  e.  g.  English  drama 
Ecclesiastical  history.     See  Church  history 

Ecclesiastical  institutions.     See  Religious  and  ecclesiastical  institu- 
tions 
Economic  conditions 
Economic  policy 
Education 

Education  of  women 
Educational  law  and  legislation 
Elections 

Emigration  and  immigration 
Employers'  liability 
Entomology.     See  Insects 
Epidemics 
Ethnology 
Exhibitions 

Exiles  (under  Siberia,  French  Guiana,  etc.) 
Exploring  expeditions  (under  U.  S.  and  Canada) 
Finance 

Fine  arts.     See  Art;  Architecture;  Music;  Painting;  Sculpture 
Fisheries 
Fishes 
Fishing 
Folk-lore 

Folk-songs,  English,  German,  etc. 
Foreign  population 


PEELIMINARY  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  9 

Foreign  relations 

General  works  arranged  chronologically,  followed  by  works  limited  to  diplo- 
matic relations  of  two  countries,  e.  g.JJ.  S. — Foreign  relations — Great  Britain. 
Foreign  relations — Treaties.     See  also  Commercial  treaties 
Forests  and  forestry 
Fortification 
Fruit -culture 

Gazetteers.     See  Description  and  travel — Gazetteers 
Genealogy.     See  also  Biography 
Geodesy 

Geography.     See  Description  and  travel 
Geology 
Gilds 

Gold  mines  and  mining 
Government.     See  Politics  and  government 
Government  property 
Government  publications 
Government  vessels 

Governors  (under  states  and  territories) 
Grammar.     Under  name  of  language 
Guide-books.     See  Description  and  travel — Guide-books 
Harbors 

Single  harbor  under  name  of  city  or  name  of  harbor. 

Health  resorts,  watering-places,  etc. 

Heraldry 

Herpetology.     See  Reptiles 

Historic  houses,  etc. 

Historical  geography 

cf.  note  under  Description,  geography. 
History — 

Addresses,  essays,  lectures 

Bibliography 

Chronology 

Dictionaries 

Fiction 

Outlines,  syllabi,  etc. 

Periodicals 

Personal  narratives  (under  histories  of  certain  important  wars,  e.  g.  U.  S. — 
nist. — Civil  war — Personal  narratives) 

Philosophy 

Poetry 

Societies 

Study  and  teaching 

By  periods,  reigns,  administrations,  etc. 
History,  Comic 
History,  Juvenile 
History,  Local 

31620—10 2 


10  LIBRARY   OF    CONGRESS 

History,  ^lilitary.     See  also  Army — History ;  Mlitia — History  (under 
states) 

History,  Naval.     See  also  Navy — History 

Hospitals 

Hotels,  taverns,  etc. 

Hunting 

Ichthyology.     See  Fishes 

Immigration.     See  Emigration  and  immigration 

Indians  of  the  U.  S.     See  Indians  of  North  America 

Industrial  schools 

Industries 

Insects 

Insular  possessions  (under  U.  S.  only) 

Intellectual  life 

Internal  improvements.     See  Public  works 

Internal  revenue.     See  also  Revenue 

Internal  revenue  law 

Irrigation 

Jurisprudence.     See  Law 

Kings  and  rulers 

Under  countries  which  are  or  have  been  governed  by  kings,  cf.  Sovereigns, 
etc.,  under  certain  countries  and  sovereign  states  which  have  not  been  gov- 
erned by  kings,  e.  g.  Russia,  Lippe,  etc. 

Labor  and  laboring  classes 
Land  tenure 

Language 

To  be  entered  under  the  name  of  the  language,  e.  g.  English  language.  A  spe- 
cial list  of  subdivisions  will  be  prepared  in  connection  with  the  recataloguing 
of  Philology. 

Languages 

Law  (for  codes,  statutes,  etc.) 

Law — History  and  criticism  (for  works  about  the  law) 

Law  reports  and  digests 

Learned  institutions  and  societies 

Legal  antiquities  (under  Greece  and  Romg  only) 

Libraries 

Literary  and  scientific  institutions.     See  Learned  institutions   and 
societies 

Literature 

To  be  entered  under  the  name  of  the  literature,  e.  g.  English  literature.  The 
main  subdivisions  to  be  Addresses,  essays,  lectures;  Bibliography;  Col. 
lections;  History  and  criticism;  Outlines,  syllabi,  etc.;  Periodicals;  So- 
cieties; Study  and  teaching. 

Malacology.     See  Mollusks 

Manners  and  customs.     See  Social  life  and  customs 

Manufactures.     See  also  Industries 


PEELIMINARY   LIST   OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  H 

Maps.     See  Description  and  travel — Maps 

Medicine 

Meteorology 

Military  antiquities  (under  Greece  and  Rome  only) 

Military  history.     See  History,  Military 

Militia  (under  states;  also  under  U.  S.) 

Militia,  Naval.     See  Naval  militia 

Mineralogy 

Mines  and   mineral  resources.     See  also   Copper  mines  and 

mining;  Gold  mines  and  mining;  etc.,  etc. 
Missions 
Mollusks 
Moral  conditions 
Music 
Mythology 

Mythology,  Norse,  Vedic,  etc. 
National  characteristics,  American,  English,  etc. 
Nationality 
Native  races 

Chiefly  for  political  relations  between  natives  and  the  government.     Not  to 
be  confused  with  Ethnology. 

Natural  history 

Naval  history.     /S'ee  History,  Naval ;  aZsoNavy — History 

Naval  militia  (under  states  and  U.  S.) 

Naval  stations.     See  Navy-yards  and  naval  stations 

Navy — 

Apprentices 

Appropriations  and  expenditures 

Auxiliary  service 

Biography 

Collier  service 

Crimes  and  misdemeanors 

Desertions 

Directories 

Drill  manuals 

Electric  installations 

Fiction 

Fuel 

Handbooks 

History 

Hospital-ships 

Lists  of  vessels 

Manning  of  vessels 

Medals,  badges,  decorations,  etc. 

Nurse  corps 

Order-books 

Ordnance  and  ordnance  stores 

Pay,  allowances,  etc. 

Periodicals 


12  LIBRARY  OF    CONGRESS 

Navy — Continued 
Physical  training 
Promotions 

Recruiting,  enlistment,  etc. 
Registers 
Regulations 
Sanitary  affairs 
Signaling 
Small-boat  service 
Societies 
Staff  corps 
Supplies  and  stores 
Target  practice 
Trials  of  vessels 
Uniforms 
Victualing 

Some  of  the  above  subdivisions  are  used  only  under  certain  countries,  e.  g. 
United  States,  Great  Britain. 

Navy- yards  and  naval  stations 

Newspapers.     Under  name  of  language,  e.  g.  English  newspapers 

Nobility 

Numismatics 

Occupations 

Officials  and  employees 

Officials  and  employees — Appointment,  qualifications,  tenure,  etc. 

Officials  and  employees — Salaries 

Ornithology.     See  Birds 

Painting 

Paleontology 

Patent  laws  and  legislation 

Patents 

Peerage  (under  England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  France,     cf.  Nobility) 

Pensions 

cf.  subdivisions  Pensions  and  Salaries,  pensions,  etc.  under  names  of  profes- 
sions, industries,  etc.  (p.  26,  28) 

Pensions,  Military 

Periodicals.     Under  name  of  language,  e.  g.  English  periodicals 

Philosophy 

Physical  geography 

Poetry.     Under  name  of  language,  e.  g.  English  poetry 

Police 

Politics  and  government 

Politics  and  government — ^Text-books  (under  U.  S.  and  single  states 

of  the  U.  S.) 
Poor 

Population.     See  also  Census 
Printing — History 


PRELIMINAKY  LIST  OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  13 

Prisons 

Products 

Public  buildings 

Public  lands 

Public  schools 

Public  works 

Queens 

Race  question 

Railroads 

Reading  books.     See    name    of    language,   subdivision    Chrestoma- 

thies  and  readers 
Reformatories 
Registers 
Relations 

General  relations  and  mutual  influence  of  two  countries,  e.  g.  Italy — Rela- 
tions (general)  with  France. 

See  also  Foreign  relations  (for  diplomatic  relations) 

Also  Literature,  Comparative — [countries]  for  literary  relations  (e.  g.  Literature, 
Comparative — England — France) 
Religion 

Religious  and  ecclesiastical  institutions 
Reptiles 
Revenue 

Revenue,  Internal.     See  Internal  revenue 
Revenue  law 

Rime.     Under  name  of  language 
Rivers 
Roads 

Sanitary  affairs 

Scientific  institutions.     See  Learned  institutions  and  societies 
Sculpture 
Slavery 

Social  conditions 
Social  life  and  customs 
Social  life  and  customs — Illustrations 
Sovereigns,  etc. 

Under  certain  countries  and  sovereign  states  which  have  never  been  governed 
by  kings,     c/.  Kings  and  rulers. 

Sports 

Statistics 

Statistics,  Vital 

Surveys 

Tariff 

Taxation 

Territorial  expansion  (under  U.  S.) 


14  LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS 

Territories  (under  U.  S.) 
Theaters 
Tombs 

Towns.     See  Cities  and  towns 
Travel.     See  Description  and  travel 

Treaties.     See  Commercial  treaties;  Foreign  relations — Treaties 
Views.     See  Description  and  travel — Views 
Water-power 
Water-supply- 
Weights  and  measures 
Zoology 


SUBJECT  SUBDIVISIONS  UNDER   NAMES  OF  CITIES,  AND 

SUBJECT  HEADINGS  SUBDIVIDED  BY  PLACE 

(CITIES  OR  TOWNS) 

Note. — Includes  subdivisions  most  frequently  used. 

Classes  of  institutions  or  establishments,  e.  g.  Theaters,  Prisons, 
Hospitals,  etc.,  are  represented  under  names  of  cities,  but  not  under 
names  of  countries — that  is  to  say,  a  book  dealing  with  libraries  in 
France  is  entered  under  subject.  Libraries — France;  one  restricted  to 
the  libraries  of  a  particular  city,  as  Paris,  under  Paris — Libraries. 

Whenever  the  place  is  to  be  subordinated  to  the  subject,  it  is 
indicated  by  black-face  type.  A  ''see  reference"  is  then  made  from 
the  name  of  the  city  to  the  subject,  e.  g.  Paris — Street-railroads. 
See  Street-railroads — Paris ;  or,  Boston — Botany.  See  Botany — Mas- 
sachusetts— Boston. 

Abattoirs.     See  Slaughter-houses 

Almshouses  and  workhouses 

Ambulance  service 

Amusements 

Antiquities 

Arsenals 

Art 

Associations 

Banks  and  banking 

Benevolent  and  moral  institutions  and  societies 

Bibliography 

Biography 

Botany 

Boundaries 

Bridges 

Building  laws 

Business  associations 

Cab  and  omnibus  service 

Canals 

Carnivals.     See  Festivals,  etc. 

Cemeteries 

Census 

Centennial  celebrations,  etc. 

15 


16  LIBRARY   OF    CONGRESS 

Charities 

Churches.     See  also  Religious  institutions  and  affairs 

City  hall 

Claims 

Climate 

Clubs 

Commerce 

Commercial  institutions.     See  Business  associations 

Commumcation  and  traffic 

Conventions  and  public  meetings 

Courts 

Credit  guides 

Cries 

Crime  and  criminals 

Description — 

Guide-books 

Maps 

Views 
Directories.     See  also  Registers 

Dispensaries  ^ 

Distances,  etc.  ^ 

Docks 
Ecclesiastical  institutions.     See  Churches;  Religious  institutions  and 

affairs 
Education 
Elections 
Epidemics 
Epitaphs 

Exhibitions.     See  also  names  of  special  exhibitions 
Fairs 
Ferries 

Festivals,  etc. 
Finance 
Financial    institutions.     See    Banks    and    banking;  Business 

associations 
Fine  arts.     See  Art 
Fires  and  fire  prevention 
Foreign  population 
Fortifications 
Fountains 

Fourth  of  July  celebrations 
Galleries  and  museums 
Genealogy.     See  also  Biography 
Geology 
Gilds 
Guide-books.     See  Description — Guide-books 


PRELIMINAEY  LIST  OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  1? 

Harbor 

Historic  houses,  etc. 

History 

Hospitals 

Hotels,  taverns,  etc. 

Industrial  schools 

Industries 

Intellectual  life 

Labor  and  laboring  classes 

Law  reports  and  digests 

Learned  institutions  and  societies 

Libraries 

Lighting 

Literary  and  scientific  institutions,  etc.     See  Learned  institutions  and 

societies 
Livery  companies  (under  British  cities) 
Lodging-houses 

Manners  and  customs.     See  Social  life  and  customs 
Manufactures 

Maps.     See  Description — -Maps 
Markets 
Memorial  inscriptions 

To  be  used  for  markers  placed  on  historic  sites,  etc. 
Monuments 
Morgues 

Museums.     See  Galleries  and  museums 
Musical  organizations 

(Special  organizations  to  be  found  under  theircorporatenames,e.^.  Apollo  club) 
Official  publications 
Orphans  and  orphan-asylums 
Palaces 
Parks 

Paving.     See  Streets 
Police 

Politics  and  government 
Poor 

Post-office 
Printing — History 
Prisons  and  reformatories 
Public  baths 
Public  buildings 
Public  comfort  stations 
Public  institutions  (used  under  a  few  cities) 
Public  lands 
Public  laundries 


18  LIBRARY  OF   CONGRESS 

Public  meetings.     See  Conventions  and  public  meetings 

Public  schools.     See  also  Education 

Public  works 

Railroads 

Rapid  transit 

Registers.     See  also  Directories 

Religious  institutions  and  affairs 

Riots 

Sanitary  affairs 

Schools.     /S'ee  aZso  Education ;  Public  schools 

Scientific  institutions.     See  Learned  institutions  and  societies 

Sewerage 

Slaughter-houses 

Social  conditions 

Social  life  and  customs 

Social  life  and  customs — Illustrations 

Stables 

Statistics 

Statistics,  Vital 

Stock-exchange 

Street  cleaning 

Street-railroads 

Streets 

Arranged  alphabetically  or  numerically. 
Suburbs 
Taxation 
Theaters 
Tombs 

Topography.     See  Description 
Views,     See  Description — ^Views 
Vital  statistics.     See  Statistics,  Vital 
Voters 

Voting  precincts 
Wards 

Arranged  numerically. 
Water-supply 
Wharves 


GENERAL  FORM  DIVISIONS  UNDER  SUBJECTS 

Addresses,  essays,  lectures 

To  include  addresses,  essays,  lectures,  whether  issued  singly*  or  in  collec- 
tions, whether  by  one  or  more  authors.  It  is  to  be  limited  to  the  class  of 
works  specified,  e.  g.  works  which  are  usually  brief  and  do  not  treat  the  sub- 
ject as  comprehensively  or  methodically  as  a  regular  treatise. 
Occasionally  the  term  "essay"  is  applied  to  a  work  which  really  forms  a  com- 
prehensive treatise  on  a  subject  or  branch  of  a  subject.  In  this  case  the 
subdivision  is  to  be  omitted.  The  same  holds  true  of  a  series  of  lectures 
on  a  particular  subject  which,  issued  together,  may  form  a  connected  and 
comprehensive  treatise,  and  should  therefore  be  entered  under  the  gen- 
eral subject  without  subdivision  {cf.  Collected  works) 

Bibliography 

Bio-bibliography 

Collected  works 

Ordinarily  for  works  of  one  author,  but  also  used  in  certain  cases,  especially 
under  scientific  and  technical  subjects,  to  cover  collections  of  works  by 
different  authors. 

Collections 

Ordinarily  to  cover  collections  of  works  by  different  authors,  but  in  certain 
subjects,  especially  technical  and  scientific,  to  stand  for  collections  of  speci- 
mens, objects,  etc.  Collected  works  in  that  case  to  cover  works  by  one  or 
more  authors. 

Congresses 

Dictionaries 

Directories 

Exhibitions 

Handbooks,  manuals,  etc. 

History 

Outlines,  syllabi,  etc. 

Restricted  to  syllabi  and  outlines  presenting  the  subject  in  an  abbreviated 
form.  Does  not  include  compendious  works,  manuals,  or  handbooks  which 
contain  a  general  presentation. 

Periodicals 

Societies 

Statistics 

Study  and  teaching 

cf.  also  the  independent  headings  Agricultural  education.   Moral  education, 

Technical  education,  etc. 
Under  Music  and  names  of  instruments.  Instruction  and  study  has  been  used. 

Year-books 

*A  single  address,  essay,  or  lecture  which  deals  with  a  particular  phase  or  sub- 
division of  a  subject  is  to  be  entered  under  that,  not  under  the  general  heading  with 
subdivision  Addresses,  essays,  lectures  (e.g.  an  address  on  the  history  of  Medicine  is 
to  be   entered   under  Medicine — History,   not   under   Medicine — Addresses,   essays, 

lectures) 

19 


EXAMPLES  OF  ADDITIONAL  SUBDIVISIONS  USED  UNDER 
SPECIAL  CLASSES  OF  SUBJECTS 

Note. — By  way  of  illustration  eome  of  the  subjects  or  classes  of  subjects  under 
which  they  apply  are  specified. 

Abnormities  and  deformities 

Organs  and  regions  of  the  body. 
Accidents 

Automobiles;  Building;  Coal  mines  and  mining;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Railroads;  Theaters. 
Accounting 

Under  trades,  professions,  industries;  and  under  Finance — [local  subdivision] 
Administration 

Colonies;  Universities  and  colleges;  etc. 
Adulteration  and  analysis 

Drugs. 
Agents 

Insurance,  Fire;  Insurance,  Industrial;  Insurance,  Life;  etc. 
Alphabets 

Telegraph. 
Amateurs'  manuals 

Dynamos;  Electric  engineering;  Telegraph;  Telephone;  etc. 
Analysis 

Food;  Sugar;  Cast-iron;  Coal;  etc. 
Analysis  blanks 

Botany. 
Analytical  guides 

Music. 
Anatomy 

Biological  subjects. 
Anecdotes,  facetiae,  satire,  etc. 

Art;  Law;  Medicine;  Music;  Painting;  etc. 
Apparatus  and  supplies 

Photography;  Telegraph;  Telephone. 
Appointments,  promotions,  salaries,  etc. 

Under  names  of  departments  or  institutions,  cf.  Salaries,  pensions,  etc.;  also, 
under  names  of  countries,  subdivisions  Army — Appointments  and  retirements 
(p.  5);  Army — Promotions  (p.  6);  Navy — Pay,  allowances,  etc.  (p.  11);  Navy — 
Promotions  (p.  12);  Officials  and  employees — Appointment,  qualifications, 
tenure,  etc.  (p.  12) 
Appropriations  and  expenditures 

Under  departments,  bureaus,  etc. 
20 


PRELIMINARY   LIST    OF    SUBJECT    SUBDIVISIONS  21 

Art  collections 

Under  certain  celebrated  families,  e  g.  Medici. 
Associations  (of  employers) 

Under  trades,  e.  g.  Sheet-metal  workers. 
Asylums  and  education 

Deaf  and  dumb;  Blind. 
Autographs 
Bacteriology 

Meat;  Milk;  Cheese;  etc. 
Biblical  arguments 

Slavery;  Temperance. 
Blanks,  forms,  etc.     See  Forms,  blanks,  etc. 
Buildings 

Names  of  institutions  and  groups  of  institutions,  e.  g.  Hungary — Universities 
and  colleges — Buildings;  Postal  service — [country  subdivision]  e.  g.  Postal 
service — Germany — Buildings,  cf.  subdivision  Public  buildings  under  names 
of  countries  and  cities  (p.  13,  17)  and  Diplomatic  and  consular  service — 
Buildings,  under  names  of  countries  (p.  8) 
Buildings  and  structures 

Railroads. 
Care  and  hygiene 

Children;  Infants;  Eye;  Teeth. 
Care  and  treatment 

Epileptics;  Insane. 
Caricatures.     See  Portraits,  caricatures,  etc. 
Cases 

Railroad  law — U.  S. 
Catalogs 
Catalogs  and  collections 

Subjects  in  Natural  history. 
Catechisms 

Churches  and  denominations. 
Charities,  protection,  etc. 

Children. 
Charts,  diagrams,  etc. 

Astronomy;  Music. 
Civic  improvement 

Cities  and  towns. 
Civil  rights 

Negroes. 
Classification 

Botany;  Zoology;  Fishes;  Insects;  etc. 
Collecting  of  specimens 

Paleontology;  Mineralogy. 
Collection  and  preservation 

Birds;  Fishes;  Insects;  Reptiles;  Zoological  specimens;  etc. 
Commissariat 

Armies,    cf.  subdivision  Army — Commissariat,  under  names  of  countries  (p.  5) 
Conservation 

Engravings. 


22  LIBRARY   OF    CONGRESS 

Conservation  and  restoration 

Manuscripts;  Books. 
Construction 

Certain  technical    subjects  and  musical  instriunents.     c/.  Design  and  con- 
struction. 
Contracts  and  specifications 

Engineering  subjects. 
Conversation  and  phrase-books 

Names  of  languages. 
Conversion  tables 

Metric  system;  Time. 
Correspondence,  reminiscences,  etc. 

Musicians. 
Corrupt  practices 

Elections;  Elections — [local  subdivision] 
Cost  of  construction 

Railroads;  etc. 
Cost  of  operation 

Railroads;  etc. 
Costs 

Manufactures;  Ship-building;  etc. 
Costumes,  supplies,  etc. 

Freemasons;  Odd-fellows. 
Credit  guides 

Names  of  trades.     Credit  guides  of  a  particular  locality  have  duplicate  entry 
under  Credit  guides — [local  subdivision] 
Curiosa  and  miscellany 

Astronomy;  Earth;  Solar  system;  etc.     cf.  Miscellanea. 
Decoration 

Theaters. 
Degrees 

Names  of  universities,  colleges,  etc. 
Design  and  construction 

Dynamos;  Electric  machinery;  Electric  motors;  etc. 
Designs  and  plans 

Architecture;  Architecture,  Domestic. 
Diagnosis 

Names  of  diseases. 
Diseases 

Organs  or  parts  of  the  body;  names  of  animals;  etc. 
Diseases  and  defects  '^ 

Eye. 
Diseases  and  hygiene 

Occupations. 
Diseases  and  pests 

Crustacea;  Fishes;  Salmon;  Sugar-cane;  Trees;  etc. 
Doctrinal  and  controversial  works 

Churches  and  denominations. 


PEELIMINAEY   LIST   OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  23 

Early  works 

Generally  in  scientific  and  technical  subjects  for  works  written  before  1800. 
Under  certain  subjects  a  later  date  is  set,  e.  g.  Railroads — Early  works  to  1850. 
Economic  aspects 

Agriculture. 
Education 

Catholic  church  in  the  U.  S.;  Defective  and  delinquent  classes;  Jews;  Negroes. 
Electrometallurgy 

Copper. 
Elements 

Astronomy;  Algebra;  Physiology;  etc.     The  form  of  heading  is  Astronomy 
(Elements)     In  arrangement  it  precedes  the  subdivisions. 
Employment 

Children;  Woman. 
Equipment  and  supplies 

Railroads;  Electric  railroads;  Fire  departments. 
Estimates 

Engineering;  Building;  Carpentry;  etc. 
Examinations,  questions,  etc. 
Exercises  and  recreations 

Schools. 
Experimentation 

Agriculture,  and  cognate  headings. 
Experiments 

Electricity;  Magnetism;  Physics,     cf.  Lecture  experiments. 
Explorations  and  surveys 

Names  of  railroads,     cf.  Surveying. 
Facsimiles 

Manuscripts;  Incunabula. 
Fiction 

Historical  and  biographical  headings. 
Finance 

Railroads;  Canals;  names  of  industries;  etc. 
Fires  and  fire  prevention 

Under  various  classes  of  institutions  and  buildings. 
Forms,  blanks,  etc. 

Library  science. 
Formulae,  receipts,  prescriptions 

Medicine. 
Furniture,  equipment,  etc. 

Hospitals;  Schools;  etc. 
Gaging  and  testing 

Liquors. 
Galleries  and  museums 

Art. 
Government 

Churches  and  denominations. 


24  LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS 

Heating  and  ventilation 

Greenhouses;  Railroads — Cars. 
Heating,  lighting,  and  ventilation 

Library  architecture. 
History  and  criticism 

Literature;  Music;  Law. 
Hospitals 

Leprosy;  Smallpox;  etc. 
Hospitals  and  asylums 

Children;  Incurables;  Inebriates. 
Hospitals  and  sanatoriums 

Tuberculosis. 
Hospitals,  charities,  etc. 

Names  of  wars.     c/.  Medical  and  sanitary  affairs. 
Hygiene 

Hospitals,     cf.  Sanitation. 
Hygienic  aspects 

Cold  storage;  Sewing  machines. 
Hymns 

Churches  and  denominations. 
Iconography 

Cervantes;  Colombo;  Fables,     cj.  Portraits;  Portraits,  caricatures,  etc. 
Identification 

Crime  and  criminals. 
Illustrations.     See  Iconography;  Pictorial  works;  Pictures,  illustra- 
tions, etc. 

cf.  also  Description  and  travel — Views  (p.  8);    Description — ^ Views  (p.   16); 
Social  life  and  customs — Illustrations  (p.  13,  18) 
Inflammation 

Organs  of  the  body,  e.  g.  Brain,  Eye. 
Inspection 

Steamboats;  Canal-boats. 
Instruction  and  study 

Music;  names  of  musical  instruments. 
Instructions,  methods,  etc. 

Ethnology;  Anthropology. 
Instruments 

Engineering;  Surveying. 
Jurisprudence 

Blood;  Insanity,  and  other  topics  which  form  special  subdivisions  of  Medical 
jurisprudence. 
Juvenile  and  popular  literature 

cf.  also  Popular  works;  History,  Juvenile  (p.  9) 
Laboratory  blanks 

Chemistry;  Physics. 
Laboratory  manuals 

Scientific  and  technical  subjects. 
Land  transfers 

Indians  of  North  America;  names  of  Indian  tribes,  e.  g.  Iroquois  Indians. 


PRELIMINARY  LIST   OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  25 

Laws  and  legislation 

Water;  Electricity;  Electric  engineering;  etc.     cf.  also  special  headings  Labor 
laws  and  legislation,  Industrial  laws  and  legislation,  etc. 
Laws  and  regulations 

Canals — [country  or  state  subdivision] ;  Postal  service — [country  subdivision]; 
Automobiles;  Plumbing;  etc. 
Lecture  experiments 

Chemistry,     cf.  Experiments. 
Legal  status,  laws,  etc. 

Woman. 
Lighting 

Railroads — Cars. 
Liturgy  and  ritual 

Churches  and  denominations,     cf.  Rituals. 
Management 

Engineering;    Electric  engineering;    Electric  power  plants;    Railroads;    Tele- 
graph stations. 
Manipulation 

Chemistry. 
Manufacture 

Names  of  articles  manufactured. 
Manufacture  and  industry 

Chemicals. 
Manuscripts 

Music;  names  of  authors,  e.  g.  Dante  Alighieri. 
Maps,  charts,  diagrams 

Geography,  Economic;  Geography,  Commercial. 
Materials  and  instruments 

Writing. 
Medical  and  sanitary  affairs 

Names  of  wars.     cf.  Hospitals,  charities,  etc. 
Medical  inspection 

Schools.     (For  general  works  only.     cf.  Sanitary  affairs) 
Metallurgy 

Names  of  metals;  Dentistry. 
Methodology 

Science. 
Methods  and  manuals 

Manual  training;  Kindergarten. 
Microscopic  editions 

Bibliography. 
Miniature  editions 

Bibliography. 
Miscellanea 

Economics;  Money;  etc.     cf.  Curiosa  and  miscellany. 
Missions 

Churches  and  denominations. 
Models 

.Locomotives. 


26  -      OBRAEY  OF   CONGRESS 

Motormen's  manuals 

Electric  railroads. 
Museums  and  collections 

Materia  medica;  Pharmacy. 
Museums  and  galleries.     See  Galleries  and  museums 

Music 

Bible;  Indians;  Kindergarten,     cj.  Songs  and  music. 
Navigation 

Under  names  of  rivers,  etc.  e.  g.  Scheldt. 
Nomenclators 

Scientific  subjects,  e.  g.  Botany;  Paleobotany. 
Nomenclature 

Science;  Natural  history ;  Botany;  Zoology;  Geology;  Chemistry.  To  be  used 
for  works  dealing  only  with  the  scientific  names  of  plants,  animals,  geological 
formations,  etc.  cf.  Terminology,  used  for  works  dealing  only  with  descrip- 
tive words  and  phrases.  Subjects  named  above  are  as  a  rule  to  have  both 
subdivisions,  i.  e.  Terminology  as  well  as  Nomenclature. 
Observations 

Astronomy;  Meteorology;  Earthquakes;  etc. 
Observers'  manuals 

Astronomy.  •'<■ 

Operators'  manuals 

Telegraph. 
Organization  and  equipment 

Armies.  'iA  rrjaf 

Organography 

Botany;  Natural  history. 
Pamphlets 

Gt.  Brit. — History — [period  divisions] 
Patents 

Trades  and  inventions,  e.  g.  Automobiles;  Bicycles  and  tricycles;  Paper  mak- 
ing and  trade. 
Patterns  ^^.^^ . . 

Embroidery. 
Pensions 

Names   of  professions,  industries,  etc.    (e.  g.  Physicians— jSwec^en — Pensions) 
cf.  Salaries,  pensions,  etc. 
Pests.     See  Diseases  and  pests 
Philosophy 

History;  Law;  etc. 
Philosophy  and  esthetics 

Music. 
Phrase-books 

Shorthand. 
Physiology 

Botany;  Music. 
Pictorial  works 

Zoology;  Birds;  Marine  fauna;  France— History,  cf.  Iconography;  Pictures, 
illustrations,  etc.;  Portraits,  caricatures,  etc.;  Description  and  travel- 
Views  (p.  8);  Description— Views  (p.  16);  Social  life  and  customs— Illus- 
trations (p.  13,  18)  {cf.  also  Bible— Pictorial  illustrations;  Bible— Picture 
Bibles) 


PRELIMINARY   LIST   OF   SUBJECT   SUBDIVISIONS  27 

Pictures,  illustrations,  etc. 

Names  of  animals. 
Plans 

Insurance,  Life. 
Plans,  Architectural.     See  Designs  and  plans 
Poetry 

Musicians;  U.  S. — Hist. — Civil  war;  U.  S. — Hist. — Revolution,  etc. 
Political  and  social  conditions 

Jews. 
Popular  works 

Homeopathy;  Dentistry,     cf.  Juvenile  and  popular  literature. 
Portraits 

Indians  of  North  America;  France — Hist.;  Musicians;  Artists;  Kings  and  rulers; 
names  of  individuals,  e.  g.  Milton,     cf.  Iconography. 
Portraits,  caricatures,  etc. 

Names  of  certain  individuals,  e.  g.  Napoleon. 
Power  utilization 

Hudson  River;  Rhone  River. 
Practice 

Medicine;  Homeopathy. 
Prayer-books  and  devotions 

Churches  and  denominations. 
Pre-Linnean  works 

Botany;    Natiu-al  history;   Zoology. 
Premiums 

Insurance,  Fire;  Insurance,  Life. 
Prevention 

Accidents;  Collisions  at  sea;  Typhoid  fever. 
Preventive  inoculation 

Names  of  contagious  diseases,  e.  g.  Plague,  Typhoid  fever,  etc. 
Prices 

Art;  Art  objects;  Books;  Manuscripts;  Pictures. 
Private  collections 

Art. 
Problems,  exercises,  etc. 

Scientific  and  technical  subjects. 
Promotions.     See  Appointments,  promotions,  salaries,  etc. 
Psychology 

Art;  Music. 
Quotations,  maxims,  etc. 

Music. 
Rate-books 

Lumber. 

Rates 

Railroads;  Shipping;  Postal  service. 
Rates  and  tables 

Insurance,  Fiie;  Insurance,  Life;  etc. 
Record  and  correspondence  files 

Railroads. 


■28  LIBRAEY   OF    CONGRESS 

Record  blanks 

Natural  history. 
Regulation 

Electric  machinery;  Rivers. 
Regulations  and  laws.     See  Laws  and  regulations 
Regulators 

Steam-heating;  Hot  water  heating. 
Repairing 

Bicycles  and  tricycles;  Clocks  and  watches;  Pottery. 
Rituals 

Secret  societies,     cf.  Liturgy  and  ritual. 
Rituals,  Cipher 

Secret  societies. 
Safety  appliances 

Factories;  Machinery;  Mine  hoisting;  Railroads;  Steam-boilers. 
Safety  measures 

Coal  mines  and  mining;  Mining  engineering;  Theaters. 
Salaries,  pensions,  etc. 

Names  of  professions,  industries,  etc.  {e.  g.  Teachers — Salaries,  pensions,  etc.) 
cf.  Appointments,  promotions,  salaries,  etc.;  Pensions. 

Sample  books 

Paper. 
Sanitary  affairs 

Schools — [country  or  state  subdivision];  particular  classes  of  schools,  or  indi- 
vidual institutions  (e.  g.  Schools — France — Sanitary  affairs;  Normal  Schools — 
Sanitary  affairs;  Berlin — Public  schools — Sanitary  affairs;  California.  Uni- 
versity— Sanitary  affairs)  cf.  Medical  inspection;  Medical  and  sanitary  affairs, 
and  subdivision  Sanitary  affairs  under  countries  and  cities  (p.  13, 18) 
Sanitation 

Ships. 
Social  and  moral  questions 

Woman. 
Societies  and  clubs 

Boys;  Girls;  Woman. 
Songs  and  music 

Freemasons;  names  of  schools,  colleges,  and  universities,     cf.  Music. 
Specialties  and  specialists 

Medicine. 
Specifications 

Telephone  lines. 
Specimens 

Expurgated  books;  Bookbinding — France — 16th  century. 
Specimens,  reproductions,  etc. 

Miniature  painting. 
Standards 

Electric  machinery,     cf.  also  Systems  and  standards. 
State  supervision 

Insurance,  Life. 


PRELIMINAKY    LIST    OF    SUBJECT    SUBDIVISIONS  29 

Stations 

Railroads. 
Storage 

Farm  produce. 
Superintendence 

Building. 

Surgery 

Organs  and  parts  of  the  body,  etc. 
Surveying 

Railroads,     cf.  Explorations  and  surveys. 
Symbolism 

Secret  societies;  Odd-fellows. 
Systems  and  standards 

Time. 
Tables,  etc. 

Scientific  and  economic  subjects. 
Tables  and  ready-reckoners 

Trades  and  industries,  e.  g.  Lumber  trade;  Agriculture. 
Tables,  calculations,  etc. 

Technical  subjects,  e.  g.  Carpentry;  Bridges. 
Taxation 

Corporations;  Insurance;  etc. 
Teclinique 

Microscope    and     microscopy;      Natural    history;      Zoology;      Bacteriology; 
Engraving;  Painting. 
Terminology 

Commerce;    Geography;   Medicine;   Anatomy;    Technology;   Military  art  and 
science. 

In  science,  to  be  used  for  works  dealing  only  with  descriptive  words  and  phrases, 
as  distinct  from  works  dealing  with  scientific  names.      cf.  Nomenclature. 
Testing 

Paper;  Coal;  Telegraph;  etc. 
Text-books 

Geography;  Physical  geography;  etc.     To  be  subdivided  by  periods. 
Texts 

Form  subdivision  used  under  certain  languages  for  books  in  that  language, 
regardless  of  subject. 
Theory- 
Music . 
Therapeutic  use 

Names  of  chemical  substances,  e.  g.  Alkaloids,  Antimony,  Arsenic;  Air,  Rare- 
fied; Corals;  Gums  and  resins;  Milk;  Steel. 
Tools 

Carpentry. 
Tools  and  implements 

Engineering. 
Trade-marks 

Names  of  trades,  e.  g.  Paper  making  and  trade. 


30  LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS 

Transportation 

Names  of  industrial  products,  etc. 
Treatment 

Wounds;  etc. 
Ventilation 

Factories;  Ships;  School-houses;  Workshops,     c/.  also  Heating  and  ventilation; 
Heating,  lighting,  and  ventilation. 
Wage  tables 

Railroads. 

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